When implementing Cisco ISE, which functionality allows for real-time updates of endpoint status and visibility?

Profiling is the functionality within Cisco Identity Services Engine (ISE) that allows for real-time updates of endpoint status and visibility. By using profiling, Cisco ISE collects information about devices that connect to the network, determining their type, operating system, and other characteristics through a variety of protocols and methods, such as DHCP, HTTP, and RADIUS. This ongoing process provides the ability to categorize and manage endpoints dynamically, enabling administrators to have a clear and updated view of the network's device landscape.

Additionally, profiling facilitates the creation of more refined and context-aware policies based on the characteristics of devices. This means as endpoints join or leave the network, or as their status changes, ISE reflects these changes immediately, helping maintain accurate visibility and control.

The other options, while important, do not focus specifically on real-time updates of endpoint visibility. Change of Authorization pertains to modifying the authorization state of a user or device after they have connected, but it does not directly deal with the continuous visibility of endpoint status. Policy Mapping involves defining and organizing policies, which is more about the structure of access control than real-time updates. Dynamic VLAN Assignment allows for the assignment of VLANs based on policies but does not impact the ongoing visibility of endpoint types or statuses.